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TCM828 TCM829 Switched Capacitor Voltage Converters
FEATURES
s s s s s s s Charge Pump in 5-Pin SOT-23A Package >95% Voltage Conversion Efficiency Voltage Inversion and/or Doubling Low 50A (TCM828) Quiescent Current Operates from +1.5V to +5.5V Up to 25mA Output Current Only Two External Capacitors Required
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The TCM828/829 are CMOS "charge-pump" voltage converters in ultra-small 5-Pin SOT-23A packages. They invert and/or double an input voltage which can range from +1.5V to +5.5V. Conversion efficiency is typically >95%. Switching frequency is 12kHz for the TCM828 and 35kHz for the TCM829. External component requirement is only two capacitors (3.3F nominal) for standard voltage inverter applications. With a few additional components a positive doubler can also be built. All other circuitry, including control, oscillator, power MOSFETs are integrated on-chip. Supply current is 50A (TCM828) and 115A (TCM829). The TCM828 and TCM829 are available in a 5-Pin SOT-23A surface mount package.
APPLICATIONS
s s s s s LCD Panel Bias Cellular Phones Pagers PDAs, Portable Dataloggers Battery-Powered Devices
PIN CONFIGURATION *5-Pin SOT-23A
ORDERING INFORMATION
Part No. Package
5-Pin SOT-23A 5-Pin SOT-23A
Temp. Range
- 40C to +85C - 40C to +85C
OUT
1
5
C+
TCM828ECT TCM829ECT
NOTE: 5-Pin SOT-23A is equivalent to EIAJ SC-74A.
VIN
2
TCM828ECT TCM829ECT
C-
3
4
GND
NOTE: *5-Pin SOT-23A is equivalent to EIAJ SC-74A
TYPICAL OPERATING CIRCUIT Voltage Inverter
C+ C1 C- TCM828 TCM829 OUT GND C2 V- OUTPUT VIN INPUT
(c) 2001 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS21488A
TCM828/829-4 5/22/00
Switched Capacitor Voltage Converters TCM828 TCM829
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS*
Input Voltage (VIN to GND) ......................... +6.0V, - 0.3V Output Voltage (OUT to GND) .................... -6.0V, + 0.3V Current at OUT Pin .................................................. 50mA Short-Circuit Duration - OUT to GND ................ Indefinite Operating Temperature Range ............... - 40C to +85C Power Dissipation (TA 70C) 5-Pin SOT-23A ...............................................240mW Storage Temperature (Unbiased) ......... - 65C to +150C Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec) ................. +300C
*This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS: TA = 0C to +85C, VIN = +5V, C1 = C2 = 10F (TCM828), C1 = C2 = 3.3F
(TCM829), unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25C. Symbol Parameter
IDD V+ V+ FOSC PEFF VEFF ROUT Supply Current Minimum Supply Voltage Maximum Supply Voltage Oscillator Frequency Power Efficiency Voltage Conversion Efficiency Output Resistance
Device
TCM828 TCM829
Test Conditions
TA = +25C RLOAD = 10k: TA = 0C to +85C RLOAD = 10k
Min
-- -- 1.5 -- 8.4 24.5 -- 95 -- --
Typ
50 115 -- -- 12 35 96 99.9 25 --
Max
90 260 -- 5.5 15.6 45.5 -- -- 50 65
Unit
A V V kHz % %
TCM828 TCM829
TA = +25C ILOAD = 3mA, TA = +25C RLOAD = IOUT = 5mA, TA = 25C TA = 0C to +85C
NOTE: 1. Capacitor contribution is approximately 20% of the output impedance [ESR = 1 / pump frequency x capacitance)].
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS: TA = - 40C to +85C, VIN = +5V, C1 = C2 = 10F (TCM828), C1 = C2 = 3.3F
(TCM829) unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25C. (Note 2) Symbol Parameter
IDD V+ FOSC ROUT Supply Current Supply Voltage Range Oscillator Frequency Output Resistance
Device
TCM828 TCM829
Test Conditions
Min
-- -- 1.5 6 19 --
Typ
-- -- -- -- -- --
Max
115 325 5.5 20 54.3 65
Unit
A V kHz
RLOAD = 10k TCM828 TCM829 IOUT = 5mA
NOTE: 2. All - 40C to +85C specifications above are guaranteed by design.
PIN DESCRIPTION
Pin No. (5-Pin SOT-23A)
1 2 3 4 5
Symbol
OUT VIN - C1 GND + C1
Description
Inverting charge pump output. Positive power supply input. Commutation capacitor negative terminal. Ground. Commutation capacitor positive terminal.
TCM828/829-4
5/22/00
2
(c) 2001 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS21488A
Switched Capacitor Voltage Converters TCM828 TCM829
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The TCM828/829 charge pump converters invert the voltage applied to the VIN pin. Conversion consists of a twophase operation (Figure 1). During the first phase, switches S2 and S4 are open and S1 and S3 are closed. During this time, C1 charges to the voltage on VIN and load current is supplied from C2. During the second phase, S2 and S4 are closed, and S1 and S3 are open. This action connects C1 across C2, restoring charge to C2. (4) Losses that occur during charge transfer (from the commutation capacitor to the output capacitor) when a voltage difference between the two capacitors exists. Most of the conversion losses are due to factors (2), (3) and (4) above. These losses are given by Equation 1. PLOSS (2, 3, 4) = IOUT2 x ROUT IOUT2 x
S1 IN C1 TCM828/829 S2
[(f
1 +8RSWITCH + 4ESRC1 + ESRC2 OSC) C1
Equation 1.
]
C2 S3 S4 VOUT = - (VIN)
The 1/(fOSC)(C1) term in Equation 1 is the effective output resistance of an ideal switched capacitor circuit (Figures 2a, 2b). The losses in the circuit due to factor (4) above are also shown in Equation 2. The output voltage ripple is given by Equation 3. PLOSS (4) = (0.5)(C1)(VIN2- VOUT2) + (0.5)(C2)(VRIPPLE2 - 2VOUTVRIPPLE)
[
] xf
OSC
Figure 1. Ideal Switched Capacitor Charge Pump
Equation 2.
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Output Voltage Considerations
The TCM828/829 perform voltage conversion but do not provide regulation. The output voltage will droop in a linear manner with respect to load current. The value of this equivalent output resistance is approximately 25 nominal at +25C and VIN = +5V. VOUT is approximately - 5V at light loads, and droops according to the equation below: VDROOP = IOUT x ROUT VOUT = - (VIN - VDROOP)
VRIPPLE =
IOUT +2(IOUT)(ESRC2) (fOSC)(C2)
Equation 3.
f V+ VOUT RL
C1
C2
Charge Pump Efficiency
The overall power efficiency of the charge pump is affected by four factors: (1) Losses from power consumed by the internal oscillator, switch drive, etc. (which vary with input voltage, temperature and oscillator frequency). (2) I2R losses due to the on-resistance of the MOSFET switches on-board the charge pump. (3) Charge pump capacitor losses due to effective series resistance (ESR).
(c) 2001 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21488A
Figure 2a. Ideal Switched Capacitor Model
REQUIV V+ REQUIV = VOUT
1 f x C1
C2
RL
Figure 2b. Equivalent Output Resistance 3
TCM828/829-4 5/22/00
Switched Capacitor Voltage Converters TCM828 TCM829
Capacitor Selection
In order to maintain the lowest output resistance and output ripple voltage, it is recommended that low ESR capacitors be used. Additionally, larger values of C1 will lower the output resistance and larger values of C2 will reduce output ripple. (See Equation 1(b)). Table 1 shows various values of C1 and the corresponding output resistance values @ +25C. It assumes a 0.1 ESRC1 and 2 RSW. Table 2 shows the output voltage ripple for various values of C2. The VRIPPLE values assume 10mA output load current and 0.1 ESRC2.
*10F (TCM828) C3 3.3F* VOUT 1 OUT C1+ 5 C2 3.3F* C1 3.3F* 4 RL VIN
2 3
IN TCM828 TCM829 C1- GND
Table 1. Output Resistance vs. C1 (ESR = 0.1)
Voltage Inverter
Figure 3. Test Circuit
C1(F)
0.1 1 3.3 10 47 100
TCM828 ROUT ()
850 100 42 25 18 17
TCM829 ROUT ()
302 45 25 19 17 17
Cascading Devices
Two or more TCM828/829's can be cascaded to increase output voltage (Figure 4). If the output is lightly loaded, it will be close to (- 2 x VIN) but will droop at least by ROUT of the first device multiplied by the IQ of the second. It can be seen that the output resistance rises rapidly for multiple cascaded devices. For large negative voltage requirements see the TC682 or TCM680 data sheets.
Table 2. Output Voltage Ripple vs. C2 (ESR = 0.1) IOUT 10mA
C2(F) 1 3.3 10 47 100 TCM828 VRIPPLE (mV) 835 254 85 20 10 TCM829 VRIPPLE (mV) 286 88 31 8 5
... + VIN 2 3 3 4 5 ... C2 VOUT = -nVIN C2 2
Input Supply Bypassing
The VIN input should be capacitively bypassed to reduce AC impedance and minimize noise effects due to the switching internal to the device. The recommended capacitor depends on the configuration of the TCM828/829. If the device is loaded from OUT to GND it is recommended that a large value capacitor (at least equal to C1) be connected from the input to GND. If the device is loaded from IN to OUT a small (0.1F) capacitor from IN to OUT is sufficient.
C1
4 5
TCM828 TCM829 "1"
C1 1
TCM828 TCM829 "n"
1
VOUT
Figure 4. Cascading TCM828s or TCM829s to Increase Output Voltage
Paralleling Devices
To reduce the value of ROUT, multiple TCM828/829s can be connected in parallel (Figure 5). The output resistance will be reduced by a factor of N where N is the number of TCM828/829's. Each device will require it's own pump capacitor (C1), but all devices may share one reservoir capacitor (C2). However, to preserve ripple performance the value of C2 should be scaled according to the number of paralleled TCM828/829's.
4
(c) 2001 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21488A
Voltage Inverter
The most common application for charge pump devices is the inverter (Figure 3). This application uses two external capacitors - C1 and C2 (plus a power supply bypass capacitor, if necessary). The output is equal to V- plus any IN voltage drops due to loading. Refer to Table 1 and Table 2 for capacitor selection.
TCM828/829-4
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Switched Capacitor Voltage Converters TCM828 TCM829
ROUT = ROUT OF SINGLE DEVICE NUMBER OF DEVICES + VIN 2 3 4 5 C1 1 ... - VOUT = VIN C2 3 4 5 ... 2
Diode Protection for Heavy Loads
When heavy loads require the OUT pin to sink large currents being delivered by a positive source, diode protection may be needed. The OUT pin should not be allowed to be pulled above ground. This is accomplished by connecting a Schottky diode (1N5817) as shown in Figure 7.
C1
TCM828 TCM829 "1"
TCM828 TCM829 "n" ...
1
VOUT
GND
4
TCM828 TCM829
Figure 5. Paralleling TCM828s or TCM829s to Reduce Output Resistance
Voltage Doubler/Inverter
Another common application of the TCM828/829 is shown in Figure 6. This circuit performs two functions in combination. C1 and C2 form the standard inverter circuit described above. C3 and C4 plus the two diodes form the voltage doubler circuit. C1 and C3 are the pump capacitors and C2 and C4 are the reservoir capacitors. Because both sub-circuits rely on the same switches if either output is loaded, both will droop toward GND. Make sure that the total current drawn from both the outputs does not total more than 40mA.
+ VIN D1, D2 = 1N4148
OUT
1
Figure 7. High V- Load Current
Layout Considerations
As with any switching power supply circuit good layout practice is recommended. Mount components as close together as possible to minimize stray inductance and capacitance. Also use a large ground plane to minimize noise leakage into other circuitry.
3 C1 4 TCM828 TCM829
2
D1 1 C2 D2
- VOUT = VIN
5
C3 C4
VOUT = (2VIN) - (VFD1) - (VFD2)
Figure 6. Combined Doubler and Inverter
(c) 2001 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS21488A
5
TCM828/829-4 5/22/00
Switched Capacitor Voltage Converters TCM828 TCM829
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Circuit of Figure 3, VIN = +5V, C1 = C2 = C3, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.
Output Resistance vs. Supply Voltage
70
OUTPUT RESISTANCE () OUTPUT RESISTANCE ()
Output Resistance vs. Temperature
80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 -40C 0C
TCM828 Output Current vs. Capacitance
40 35
VIN = 4.75V, VOUT = - 4.0V
VIN = 1.5V
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
30 25 20 15 10 5 0
VIN = 3.15V, VOUT = - 2.5V
TCM828
TCM829
VIN = 3.3V VIN = 5.0V
VIN = 1.9V, VOUT = -1.5V
25C
85C
0
10
20
30
40
TEMPERATURE (C)
CAPACITANCE (F)
TCM829 Output Current vs. Capacitance
35
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
TCM828 Output Voltage Ripple vs. Capacitance
OUTPUT VOLTAGE RIPPLE (mVp-p)
TCM829 Output Voltage Ripple vs. Capacitance
300 250 200
400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 0
OUTPUT VOLTAGE RIPPLE (mVp-p)
40
VIN = 4.75V, V- = - 4.0V
450
VIN = 4.75V, VOUT = - 4.0V
VIN = 4.75V, VOUT = - 4.0V
30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 CAPACITANCE (F) VIN = 1.9V, VOUT = - 1.5V VIN = 3.15V, V- = - 2.5V
VIN = 3.15V, VOUT = - 2.5V VIN = 1.9V, VOUT = - 1.5V
VIN = 3.15V, VOUT = - 2.5V
150 100 50 0 0 5 10 15 20 30 35 CAPACITANCE (F)
VIN = 1.9V, VOUT = - 1.5V
5
10
25
20
25
30
35
CAPACITANCE (F)
Supply Current vs. Supply Voltage
120
PUMP FREQUENCY (kHz) SUPPLY CURRENT (A)
TCM828 Pump Frequency vs. Temperature
14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 -40
TCM829 Pump Frequency vs. Temperature
45 40
PUMP FREQUENCY (kHz)
VIN = 5.0V VIN = 3.3V VIN = 1.5V
VIN = 5.0V VIN = 3.3V VIN = 1.5V
100 80 60 40 20 0 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
35 30
25 20 15 10 5
TCM829
TCM828
0C
25C
85C
0 -40C
0C
25C
85C
TEMPERATURE (C)
TEMPERATURE (C)
(c) 2001 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21488A
TCM828/829-4
5/22/00
6
Switched Capacitor Voltage Converters TCM828 TCM829
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Cont.)
Circuit of Figure 3, VIN = +5V, C1 = C2 = C3, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.
Output Voltage vs. Output Current
0
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
Efficiency vs. Output Current
100
-1
EFFICIENCY (%)
VIN = 5.0V VIN = 2.0V
80
-2 -3 -4
VIN = 3.3V
VIN = 3.3V VIN =1.5V
60
VIN = 5.0V
-5 -6 0 10 20 30 40 50 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) 40 0 10 20 30 40 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) 50
MARKING Part Numbers and Part Marking 5-PIN SOT-23A & = part number code + temperature range (two-digit code). TCM828/829 TCM828ECT TCM829ECT Code CA CB
CA ex: TCM828ECT = kkkk
represents year and quarter code represents lot ID number
(c) 2001 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS21488A
7
TCM828/829-4 5/22/00
Switched Capacitor Voltage Converters TCM828 TCM829
TAPING FORM
Component Taping Orientation for 5-Pin SOT-23A (EIAJ SC-74A) Devices
PIN 1
User Direction of Feed
Device Marking Device Marking
User Direction of Feed
W
PIN 1 Standard Reel Component Orientation TR Suffix Device (Mark Right Side Up)
P Reverse Reel Component Orientation RT Suffix Device (Mark Upside Down)
Carrier Tape, Number of Components Per Reel and Reel Size
Package Carrier Width (W) Pitch (P) Part Per Full Reel Reel Size
5-Pin SOT-23A
8 mm
4 mm
3000
7 in
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
5-Pin SOT-23A (EIAJ SC-74A)
.075 (1.90) REF.
.122 (3.10) .098 (2.50) .020 (0.50) .012 (0.30) PIN 1 .122 (3.10) .106 (2.70) .057 (1.45) .035 (0.90) .006 (0.15) .000 (0.00)
.071 (1.80) .059 (1.50)
.037 (0.95) REF.
10 MAX. .024 (0.60) .004 (0.10)
.010 (0.25) .004 (0.09)
Dimensions: inches (mm)
TCM828/829-4
5/22/00
8
(c) 2001 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS21488A
Switched Capacitor Voltage Converters TCM828 TCM829
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All rights reserved. (c) 2001 Microchip Technology Incorporated. Printed in the USA. 1/01
Information contained in this publication regarding device applications and the like is intended through suggestion only and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to ensure that your application meets with your specifications. No representation or warranty is given and no liability is assumed by Microchip Technology Incorporated with respect to the accuracy or use of such information, or infringement of patents or other intellectual property rights arising from such use or otherwise. Use of Microchipis products as critical components in life support systems is not authorized except with express written approval by Microchip. No licenses are conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, except as maybe explicitly expressed herein, under any intellectual property rights. The Microchip logo and name are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Inc. in the U.S.A. and other countries. All rights reserved. All other trademarks mentioned herein are the property of their respective companies.
(c) 2001 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS21488A
9
TCM828/829-4 5/22/00

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